res : Baru sekarang ini mendekati Pemilu baru dikatakan bangun ekonomi nasional?Dimana selama ini ekonomi dibangun? Bagi yang hanya membaca berita tetapi tidak membuka mata tentu saja tidak mengetahi di mana pembangun selama ini. Hidup neo-Mojopahit! Hidup otsus alat kolonialisme neo-Mojopahit!
WE.CO.ID - Selama puluhan tahun rakyat dijejali doktrin, tidak mungkin Indonesia akan maju tanpa utang dan modal asing. Doktrin ini terus dipompakan secara berkelanjutan kepada para mahasiswa di fakultas ekonomi, khususnya di universitas-univesitas negeri. Padahal, banyak contoh negara yang bisa maju tanpa utang dan bergantung pada modal asing. Ekonomi harus dibangun dengan landasan nasionalisme yang kokoh.
"Doktrin ini sangat menyesatkan. Banyak contoh negara yang mampu maju dan rakyatnya sejahtera tanpa utang dan bergantung pada modal asing. Jepang berkembang tanpa utang luar negeri dan modal asing sampai tahun 1986, China tumbuh pesat tanpa utang. Kedua negara tersebut bisa menjadi raksasa ekonomi dunia. Bahkan China mampu memumpuk cadangan devisa lebih dari US$3 triliun dolar dan memberi utang kepada banyak negara maju, termasuk Amerika Serikat," ujar Menko Perekonomian era Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid, DR Rizal Ramli saat berbicara pada Dialog Kebangsaan bertema Indonesia Sebagai Kekuatan Baru Ekonomi Global di Masa Depanyang diselenggarakan Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia (KAMMI) Komisariat Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Sabtu (15/2).
Menurut Ketua Umum Kamar Dagang dan Industri (Kadin) Indonesia itu, Jepang perlu waktu 25 tahun untuk bangkit dari kekalahan perang Asia Timur Raya.Sedangkan Malaysia membutuhkan waktu 20 tahun untuk menjadi negara sejahtera. China perlu 15 tahun. Bahkan, Brazil hanya perlu 8 tahun menjadi negara paling hebat di Amerika Latin.
"Ke depan pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia harus berdasarkan nasionalisme. Mazhab ekonomi nasionalisme akan memacu bangsa dan rakyat Indonesia berdaulat atas negara dan sumber daya alam (SDA)-nya. Kita tidak anti asing dan modal asing. Yang kita tidak mau, kalau asing mengendalikan dan mengeksploitir ekonomi kita," tukasnya.
Sayangnya, lanjut Peserta Konvensi Rakyat Capres 2014 yang akrab disapa RR1 tersebut, selama puluhan tahun pemerintah lebih suka menerapkan sistem ekonomi neoliberalisme. Sistem ekonomi yang menyerahkan segala sesuatunya kepada mekanisme pasar itu ternyata tidak membawa kesejahteraan bagi sebagian besar rakyat. Yang terjadi justru sebaliknya, lebih dari 80% rakyat Indonesia hingga kini belum menikmati arti kemerdekaan yang sebenarnya.
"Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak UU dan peraturan pelaksananya dipesan, dibuat draftnya, dan dibiayai oleh asing. UU No. 22/2001 tentang Migas, misalnya, adalah bukti nyata bagaimana Indonesia tidak berdaulat atas SDA karena UUnya dipesan asing. Soal gas, UU mengharuskan penggunaan untuk kebutuhan local maksimal hanya 25%. Sisanya harus diekspor. Akibatnya, banyak perusahaan di dalam negeri tutup karena harus membayar energi lebih mahal. Di pasar domestik rakyat juga harus membayar mahal gas yang dibutuhkan," papar Capres paling reformis versi Lembaga Pemilih Indonesia (LPI) itu.
Terkait kedaulatan ekonomi, Menteri Keuangan era Gus Dur itu menyebut hingga kini tidak kurang ada 20 UU yang dipesan asing. Jika Indonesia mau maju, seluruh UU pesanan asing itu harus dibatalkan, dan segera diganti dengan UU yang lebih sesuai dengan konstitusi Indonesia.
"Persyaratan utama yang bisa membuat kita maju adalah, pemimpinnya harus percaya diri. Pemimpin tidak boleh bermental inlander. Pemimpin juga harus punya visi, karakter, dan kapasitas untuk memecahkan masalah. Rakyat tidak membutuhkan pemimpin yang sibuk melakukan politik pencitraan tanpa karya nyata," pungkas Capres paling ideal versi The President Centre ini.
res : Baru sekarang ini mendekati Pemilu baru dikatakan dibangun ekonomi nasional?Dimana selama ini ekonomi dibangun? Bagi yang hanya membaca berita tetapi tidak membuka mata tentu saja tidak mengetahi di mana pembangun selama ini. Hidup neo-Mojopahit! Hidup otsus alat kolonialisme neo-Mojopahit!
WE.CO.ID - Selama puluhan tahun rakyat dijejali doktrin, tidak mungkin Indonesia akan maju tanpa utang dan modal asing. Doktrin ini terus dipompakan secara berkelanjutan kepada para mahasiswa di fakultas ekonomi, khususnya di universitas-univesitas negeri. Padahal, banyak contoh negara yang bisa maju tanpa utang dan bergantung pada modal asing. Ekonomi harus dibangun dengan landasan nasionalisme yang kokoh.
"Doktrin ini sangat menyesatkan. Banyak contoh negara yang mampu maju dan rakyatnya sejahtera tanpa utang dan bergantung pada modal asing. Jepang berkembang tanpa utang luar negeri dan modal asing sampai tahun 1986, China tumbuh pesat tanpa utang. Kedua negara tersebut bisa menjadi raksasa ekonomi dunia. Bahkan China mampu memumpuk cadangan devisa lebih dari US$3 triliun dolar dan memberi utang kepada banyak negara maju, termasuk Amerika Serikat," ujar Menko Perekonomian era Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid, DR Rizal Ramli saat berbicara pada Dialog Kebangsaan bertema Indonesia Sebagai Kekuatan Baru Ekonomi Global di Masa Depanyang diselenggarakan Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia (KAMMI) Komisariat Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Sabtu (15/2).
Menurut Ketua Umum Kamar Dagang dan Industri (Kadin) Indonesia itu, Jepang perlu waktu 25 tahun untuk bangkit dari kekalahan perang Asia Timur Raya.Sedangkan Malaysia membutuhkan waktu 20 tahun untuk menjadi negara sejahtera. China perlu 15 tahun. Bahkan, Brazil hanya perlu 8 tahun menjadi negara paling hebat di Amerika Latin.
"Ke depan pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia harus berdasarkan nasionalisme. Mazhab ekonomi nasionalisme akan memacu bangsa dan rakyat Indonesia berdaulat atas negara dan sumber daya alam (SDA)-nya. Kita tidak anti asing dan modal asing. Yang kita tidak mau, kalau asing mengendalikan dan mengeksploitir ekonomi kita," tukasnya.
Sayangnya, lanjut Peserta Konvensi Rakyat Capres 2014 yang akrab disapa RR1 tersebut, selama puluhan tahun pemerintah lebih suka menerapkan sistem ekonomi neoliberalisme. Sistem ekonomi yang menyerahkan segala sesuatunya kepada mekanisme pasar itu ternyata tidak membawa kesejahteraan bagi sebagian besar rakyat. Yang terjadi justru sebaliknya, lebih dari 80% rakyat Indonesia hingga kini belum menikmati arti kemerdekaan yang sebenarnya.
"Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak UU dan peraturan pelaksananya dipesan, dibuat draftnya, dan dibiayai oleh asing. UU No. 22/2001 tentang Migas, misalnya, adalah bukti nyata bagaimana Indonesia tidak berdaulat atas SDA karena UUnya dipesan asing. Soal gas, UU mengharuskan penggunaan untuk kebutuhan local maksimal hanya 25%. Sisanya harus diekspor. Akibatnya, banyak perusahaan di dalam negeri tutup karena harus membayar energi lebih mahal. Di pasar domestik rakyat juga harus membayar mahal gas yang dibutuhkan," papar Capres paling reformis versi Lembaga Pemilih Indonesia (LPI) itu.
Terkait kedaulatan ekonomi, Menteri Keuangan era Gus Dur itu menyebut hingga kini tidak kurang ada 20 UU yang dipesan asing. Jika Indonesia mau maju, seluruh UU pesanan asing itu harus dibatalkan, dan segera diganti dengan UU yang lebih sesuai dengan konstitusi Indonesia.
"Persyaratan utama yang bisa membuat kita maju adalah, pemimpinnya harus percaya diri. Pemimpin tidak boleh bermental inlander. Pemimpin juga harus punya visi, karakter, dan kapasitas untuk memecahkan masalah. Rakyat tidak membutuhkan pemimpin yang sibuk melakukan politik pencitraan tanpa karya nyata," pungkas Capres paling ideal versi The President Centre ini.
Dahlan Tularkan Senyum "Tempe" Pada Karyawan Berdikari
Dahlan Iskan : Menteri BUMN
CIBITUNG — Kehadiran Menteri Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) Dahlan Iskan di rumah potong hewan (RPH) di Cibitung, Bekasi, Rabu (12/2) tak disia-siakan oleh karyawan PT Berdikari.
Kedatangan Dahlan cukup mengejutkan bagi karyawan Berdikari, sebab kunjungan itu sama sekali tak terencana sebelumnya dan ini merupakan kali pertama mantan Dirut PLN itu menyambangi RPH di Cibitung.
Kendati begitu pihaknya mengaku sangat senang dengan kehadiran Dahlan di RPH milik Berdikari itu. "Tentu senang, ini pertama kali soalnya Pak Dahlan ke sini. Kami enggak nyangka," ujar salah satu pegawai Berdikari.
Selama melakukan kunjungan, pria asal Magetan ini juga sangat aktif menanyakan proses pemotongan dan pemeliharaannya sapi. Meski sempat tak tega melihat sapi dipotong, namun Dahlan tetap ingin mengetahui proses awal pemotongan sapi hingga proses akhir.
Usai berkeliling lokasi RPH, Dahlan sempat memberikan wejangan pada direksi Berdikari agar RPH di Cibitung dirombak ulang. Sebab kondisi bangunan RPH sudah sangat memprihatinkan karena sudah berumur tua.
Sebelum Dahlan pamit, puluhan karyawan meminta foto bersama sebagai kenang-kenangan. Nah untuk mencairkan susana, menteri yang ogah pakai pengawalan ini mengajarkan karyawan Berdikari untuk senyum tempe ala Dahlan. Senyum ini biasanya dia ajarkan pada direksi BUMN saat meminta foto bersama dirinya.
"Biar fotonya bagus, ikuti arahan saya ya. Kalau saya hitung nanti bilang tempe. Biar senyumnya kelihatan bagus kalau ngomong tempe," kata dia.
JAKARTA – Pencekalan terhadap kader Partai Demokrat Sutan Bhatoegana atau pria yang terkenal dengan lontaran istilahnya 'ngeri-ngeri sedap' itu diprediksi akan meruntuhkan suara Partai Demokrat (PD) di Pemilu 2014. Pencekalan Sutan oleh KPK menambah jajaran elite partai besutan SBY itu tersangkut hukum. Mantan kader PD Tridianto yang dikenal loyalis Anas Urbaningrum itu bahkan me mastikan Demokrat makin terjun bebas.
Karena boroknya partai itu akan semakin terbuka, yakni sebagai tempatnya para koruptor. Tri yang juga fungsionaris ormas Perhimpunan Persaudaraan In do nesia (PPI) besutan Anas Urba ning rum itu mengatakan, seharusnya Sutan Bhatoegana tidak hanya dicekal oleh KPK, namun juga ditetapkan sebagai tersangka terkait penyidikan dugaan penerimaan hadiah atau THR di lingkungan Ke menterian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (Kemen ESDM) dengan tersangka Waryono Karno, mantan Sekjen ESDM "Seharusnya KPK sudah menetapkan status tersangka bukan mencekal enam bulan ke depan. Dan itu baru saya anggap 'ngeringeri sedap' buat PD," tegas Tri kepada INDOPOS, Jumat (14/2).
Menurut Tri, KPK takut menetapkan Sutan Bhatoegana sebagai tersangka karena adanya intervensi dari kelompok tertentu yang saat ini menjadi penguasa pemerintah. Tri curiga jangan-jangan KPK takut atau ada intervensi untuk jangan menetapkan dulu Sutan Bhatoegana karena sebentar lagi pemilu. Diketahui, nama Ketua DPR RI Komisi VII dari Fraksi Partai De mo krat ini muncul dalam persidangan tipikor dengan terdakwa mantan Kepala SKK Migas Rudi Rubiandini.
Sutan disebut menerima USD 200 ribu. Tidak hanya Sutan Bhatoegana dan politisi Demokrat lainnya, Tri Yulianto, Tenaga Ahli Bidang Pengendalian Operasi di SKK Migas, Gerhard Marten Rumeser dan Sri Utami Kepala Bidang Pemindahtanganan, Peng hapusan dan Pemanfaatan Barang Milik Negara Kementerian ESDM ikut dicegah. (dil)
BERJEMUR DI POHON- Sebuah foto yang diterima Reuters, pada Jumat (14/2), menunjukkan buaya Amerika jenis aligator, berjemur di atas pohon di delta sungai Pearl River, Mississippi.
Meski punya keterbatasan, buaya ternyata dapat memanjat pohon untuk berjemur.
ORLANDO- Jangan sembarangan ke wilayah yang menjadi habitat buaya. Mata Anda harus awas melihat semua arah ketika masuk ke rawa-rawa atau sungai yang ada buayanya. Perhatikan pula pohon sekitar. Siapa tahu, buaya tengah ada di atas kepala Anda.
Ini bukan isapan jempol bahwa buaua pun bisa berada di atas pohon. Kebanyakan orang yang memasuki habitat buaya mewaspadai daratan dan perairan, tetapi para peneliti menyarankan mereka untuk juga menengok ke atas.
"Meski punya keterbatasan fisik sebagai mahluk reptilia mengenai kemungkinannya, buaya pada kenyataannya dapat memanjat pohon hingga ke puncaknya, kata peneliti dari Universitas Tennessee," Vladimir Dinets sebagaimana dilansir Reuters, Sabtu (15/2). Dinets dan kawan-kawannya mempelajari masalah pendakian mengamati buaya di Afrika, Australia dan Amerika Utara.
Temuan itu dilaporkan pada catatan Herpetologi edisi Januari dalam kolaborasi dengan Adam Briton dari Universitas Charles Darwin di Australia dan Matthew Shirley dari Universitas Florida.
Para peneliti percaya bahwa buaya memanjat untuk mengawasi wilayah kekuasaannya dan untuk berjemur matahari, guna menghangatkan tubuhnya.
Tim ini merekam gambar buaya-buaya yang memanjat hingga setinggi 1,8 meter dari permukaan tanah.
Namun, Dinets juga mengaku, menerima laporan bercanda dari orang-orang yang menghabiskan banyak waktu bersama buaya, bahwa reptilia itu bisa memanjat hinga setinggi sembilan meter.Ini menurutnya agak 'lebay'.
Dinets mengatakan bahwa buaya memiliki kelemahan pada susunan kaki dan tumit, bagian penting bagi pemanjat, tetapi buaya yang lebih kecil atau masih muda khususnya terlihat memanjat secara vertikal sedangkan yang lebih besar biasanya memanjat sudut-sudut batang atau dahan dan ranting. Hal itu disebut sebagai kecerdasan reptilia yang luar biasa.
"Mereka bergerak lambat. Tapi, tetap bisa mereka sampai di atas pohon," katanya.
Dijelaskannya, buaya yng terbanyak berjemur di atas pohon adalah buaya di daerah yang daratannya sedikit bisa dimanfaatkan untuk berjemur. "Hewan tersebut perlu menjaga putaran suhu badannya, dan pohon adalah tempatnya," kata peneliti.
The list of those caught up in the global surveillance net cast by the National Security Agency and its overseas partners, from social media users to foreign heads of state, now includes another entry: American lawyers.
A top-secret document, obtained by the former N.S.A. contractor Edward J. Snowden, shows that an American law firm was monitored while representing a foreign government in trade disputes with the United States. The disclosure offers a rare glimpse of a specific instance in which Americans were ensnared by the eavesdroppers, and is of particular interest because lawyers in the United States with clients overseas have expressed growing concern that their confidential communications could be compromised by such surveillance.
The government of Indonesia had retained the law firm for help in trade talks, according to the February 2013 document. It reports that the N.S.A.'s Australian counterpart, the Australian Signals Directorate, notified the agency that it was conducting surveillance of the talks, including communications between Indonesian officials and the American law firm, and offered to share the information.
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The Indonesian Embassy in Washington, left, and the building where Mayer Brown has an office. Indonesia retained the American law firm for help in trade talks.Stephen Crowley/The New York Times
The Australians told officials at an N.S.A. liaison office in Canberra, Australia, that "information covered by attorney-client privilege may be included" in the intelligence gathering, according to the document, a monthly bulletin from the Canberra office. The law firm was not identified, but Mayer Brown, a Chicago-based firm with a global practice, was then advising the Indonesian government on trade issues.
On behalf of the Australians, the liaison officials asked the N.S.A. general counsel's office for guidance about the spying. The bulletin notes only that the counsel's office "provided clear guidance" and that the Australian agency "has been able to continue to cover the talks, providing highly useful intelligence for interested US customers."
The N.S.A. declined to answer questions about the reported surveillance, including whether information involving the American law firm was shared with United States trade officials or negotiators.
Duane Layton, a Mayer Brown lawyer involved in the trade talks, said he did not have any evidence that he or his firm had been under scrutiny by Australian or American intelligence agencies. "I always wonder if someone is listening, because you would have to be an idiot not to wonder in this day and age," he said in an interview. "But I've never really thought I was being spied on."
A Rising Concern for Lawyers
Most attorney-client conversations do not get special protections under American law from N.S.A. eavesdropping. Amid growing concerns about surveillance and hacking, the American Bar Association in 2012 revised its ethics rules to explicitly require lawyers to "make reasonable efforts" to protect confidential information from unauthorized disclosure to outsiders.
Last year, the Supreme Court, in a 5-to-4 decision, rebuffed a legal challenge to a 2008 law allowing warrantless wiretapping that was brought in part by lawyers with foreign clients they believed were likely targets of N.S.A. monitoring. The lawyers contended that the law raised risks that required them to take costly measures, like traveling overseas to meet clients, to protect sensitive communications. But the Supreme Court dismissed their fears as "speculative."
The N.S.A. is prohibited from targeting Americans, including businesses, law firms and other organizations based in the United States, for surveillance without warrants, and intelligence officials have repeatedly said the N.S.A. does not use the spy services of its partners in the so-called Five Eyes alliance — Australia, Britain, Canada and New Zealand — to skirt the law.
Still, the N.S.A.can intercept the communications of Americans if they are in contact with a foreign intelligence target abroad, such as Indonesian officials. The N.S.A. is then required to follow so-called minimization rules to protect their privacy, such as deleting the identity of Americans or information that is not deemed necessary to understand or assess the foreign intelligence, before sharing it with other agencies.
An N.S.A. spokeswoman said the agency's Office of the General Counsel was consulted when issues of potential attorney-client privilege arose and could recommend steps to protect such information.
"Such steps could include requesting that collection or reporting by a foreign partner be limited, that intelligence reports be written so as to limit the inclusion of privileged material and to exclude U.S. identities, and that dissemination of such reports be limited and subject to appropriate warnings or restrictions on their use," said Vanee M. Vines, the spokeswoman.
The Australian government declined to comment about the surveillance. In a statement, the Australian Defense Force public affairs office said that in gathering information to support Australia's national interests, its intelligence agencies adhered strictly to their legal obligations, including when they engaged with foreign counterparts.Several newly disclosed documents provide details of the cooperation between the United States and Australia, which share facilitiesand highly sensitive intelligence, including efforts to break encryption and collect phone call data in Indonesia. Both nations have trade and security interests in Indonesia, where Islamic terrorist groups that threaten the West have bases.
The 2013 N.S.A. bulletin did not identify which trade case was being monitored by Australian intelligence, but Indonesia has been embroiled in several disputes with the United States in recent years. One involves clove cigarettes, an Indonesian export. The Indonesian government has protested to the World Trade Organization a United States ban on their sale, arguing that similar menthol cigaretteshave not been subject to the same restrictions under American antismoking laws. The trade organization, ruling that the United States prohibition violated international trade laws, referred the case to arbitration to determine potential remedies for Indonesia.
Another dispute involved Indonesia's exports of shrimp, which the United States claimed were being sold at below-market prices.
Mr. Layton, a lawyer in the Washington office of Mayer Brown, said that since 2010 he had led a team from the firm in the clove cigarette dispute. He said Matthew McConkey, another lawyer in the firm's Washington office, had taken the lead on the shrimp issue until the United States dropped its claims in August. Both cases were underway a year ago when the Australians reported that their surveillance included an American law firm.
Mr. Layton said that if his emails and calls with Indonesian officials had been monitored, the spies would have been bored. "None of this stuff is very sexy," he said. "It's just run of the mill."
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Indonesian women at a factory making clove cigarettes, the subject of a trade dispute with the United States.Aman Rahman/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
He and the other Mayer Brown lawyers do most of their work on the trade issues from Washington, he said. They also make occasional trips to Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, and Geneva, where the World Trade Organization is based. Mr. Layton said most of his communications with officials in Jakarta had been done through email, while he also talked by phone with officials at the Indonesian Embassy in Washington.
The N.S.A.'s protections for attorney-client conversations are narrowly crafted, said Stephen Gillers, an expert on legal ethics at New York University's School of Law. The agency is barred from sharing with prosecutors intercepted attorney-client communications involving someone under indictment in the United States, according to previously disclosed N.S.A. rules. But the agency may still use or share the information for intelligence purposes.
Andrew M. Perlman, a Suffolk University law professor who specializes in legal ethics and technology issues, said the growth of surveillance was troubling for lawyers. He helped create the bar association's ethics code revisions that require lawyers to try to avoid being overheard by eavesdroppers.
"You run out of options very quickly to communicate with someone overseas," he said. "Given the difficulty of finding anything that is 100 percent secure, lawyers are in a difficult spot to ensure that all of the information remains in confidence."
In addition to its work on trade issues with the United States, Mr. Layton said, Mayer Brown was representing Indonesia in a dispute with Australia. He said Indonesia had been arguing that Australia's requirements for plain packaging for tobacco products under its antismoking rules were excessive.
Economic Espionage
Even though the Indonesian issues were relatively modest for the United States — about $40 million in annual trade is related to the clove cigarette dispute and $1 billion annually to shrimp — the Australian surveillance of talks underscores the extent to which the N.S.A. and its close partners engage in economic espionage.
In justifying the agency's sweeping powers, the Obama administration often emphasizes the N.S.A.'s role in fighting terrorism and cyberattacks, but disclosures in recent months from the documents leaked by Mr. Snowden show the agency routinely spies on trade negotiations, communications of economic officials in other countries and even foreign corporations.
American intelligence officials do not deny that they collect economic information from overseas, but argue that they do not engage in industrial espionage by sharing that information with American businesses. China, for example, is often accused of stealing business secrets from Western corporations and passing them to Chinese corporations.
The N.S.A. trade document — headlined "SUSLOC (Special US Liaison Office Canberra) Facilitates Sensitive DSD Reporting on Trade Talks"— does not say which "interested US customers" besides the N.S.A. might have received intelligence on the trade dispute.
Other documents obtained from Mr. Snowden reveal that the N.S.A. shares reports from its surveillance widely among civilian agencies. A 2004 N.S.A. document, for example, describes how the agency's intelligence gathering was critical to the Agriculture Department in international trade negotiations.
"The U.S.D.A. is involved in trade operations to protect and secure a large segment of the U.S. economy," that document states. Top agency officials "often rely on SIGINT" — short for the signals intelligence that the N.S.A. eavesdropping collects — "to support their negotiations."
The Australians reported another instance to the N.S.A. — in addition to the one with the American law firm — in which their spying involved an American, according to the February 2013 document. They were conducting surveillance on a target who turned out to be an American working for the United States government in Afghanistan, the document said. It offered no details about what happened after the N.S.A. learned of the incident, and the agency declined to respond to questions about it.
In a statement, Ms. Vines, the agency spokeswoman, said: "N.S.A. works with a number of partners in meeting its foreign-intelligence mission goals, and those operations comply with U.S. law and with the applicable laws under which those partners operate. A key part of the protections that apply to both U.S. persons and citizens of other countries is the mandate that information be in support of a valid foreign-intelligence requirement, and comply with U.S. attorney general-approved procedures to protect privacy rights."
The documents show that the N.S.A. and the Australians jointly run a large signals intelligence facility in Alice Springs, Australia, with half the personnel from the American agency. The N.S.A. and its Australian counterpart have also cooperated on efforts to defeat encryption. A 2003 memo describes how N.S.A. personnel sought to "mentor" the Australians while they tried to break the encryption used by the armed forces of nearby Papua New Guinea.
Most of the collaboration between the N.S.A. and the Australian eavesdropping service is focused on Asia, with China and Indonesia receiving special attention.
Australian intelligence has focused heavily on Indonesia since the Bali bombing of 2002. The attack, which killed 202 people, including 88 Australians, in a resort area popular with Australians, was blamed on the Southeast Asian Islamist group Jemaah Islamiyah.
The Americans and the Australians secretly share broad access to the Indonesian telecommunications system, the documents show. The N.S.A. has given the Australians access to bulk call data from Indosat, an Indonesian telecommunications provider, according to a 2012 agency document. That includes data on Indonesian government officials in various ministries, the document states.
The Australians have obtained nearly 1.8 million encrypted master keys, which are used to protect private communications, from the Telkomsel mobile telephone network in Indonesia, and developed a way to decrypt almost all of them, according to a 2013 N.S.A. document.
Australia listened in on Indonesia talks with US law firm and then passed the information to the NSA. Photograph: Patrick Semansky/AP
Australia spied on Indonesia and shared the information with the United States when the two countries were involved in a trade dispute in February 2013, a new document from whistleblower Edward Snowden shows.
Australia listened in on the communications of on an unnamed American law firm which was representing Indonesia in the discussions and then passed the information to the National Security Agency, according to a document obtained by the New York Times.
It is unclear what the discussions were about - but two trade disputes around that time were about the importation of clove cigarettes and shrimp, says the paper.
A monthly bulletin from the NSA's liaison office in Canberra said the Australian Signals (ASD) was monitoring the talks and offered to share any information with the US. It offered up that "information covered by attorney-client privilege may be included".
Liaison officials asked for guidance for Australia from the NSA general counsel's office on the surveillance. The bulletin did not specify what the guidance was, but said Australia was "able to continue to cover the talks, providing highly useful intelligence for interested US customers".
In addition, a 2012 document reveals that America and Australia share access to Indonesian telecommunications. The NSA has given Australia access to bulk data collected from Indosat, one of Indonesia's largest telecommunications networks. This includes data on Indonesian government officials in a number of departments.
The ASD has also obtained 1.8m encrypted master keys from the Telkomsel mobile telephone network in Indonesia and has decrypted almost all of them according to a document from last year.
According to a separate document, the US sought to "mentor" Australia to break the encryption codes used by the Armed Forces in Papua New Guinea and another document reveals the NSA and ASD run an intelligence facility in Alice Springs where half the personnel are from the NSA with particular focus on monitoring Indonesia and China. It is known that Australia and the US jointly run a defence facility near Alice Springs named Pine Gap.
The fresh round of revelations comes three months after a diplomatic dispute began between Indonesia and Australia after Guardian Australia and the ABC reported Australia and spied on the mobile telephones of Indonesia's president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and his inner circle, including his wife.
The law firm retained by the Indonesian government for the trade talks was not named in the documents but Mayer Brown, a Chicago-based firm with a global practice, was then advising the Indonesian government on trade issues, the New York Times reports.
The NSA and the DSD declined to answer questions about the reported surveillance, including whether information involving the American law firm was shared with United States trade officials or negotiators.
A spokesperson from the Australian Defence Force office said that in gathering information to support Australia's national interests, its intelligence agencies adhered strictly to their legal obligations, including when they engaged with foreign counterparts.
According to the 2013 bulletin from Canberra, Australia was also spying on a target in Afghanistan who was an American citizen but it did not detail what action, if any, the NSA took after Australia shared the information with them.
The NSA is not allowed to target American citizens or businesses for surveillance without a warrant, although it is allowed to intercept communications between Americans and foreign intelligence targets. Information disclosed by Snowden has included the NSA's collection of the telephone records of millions of Americans.
A Chicago law firm, Mayer Brown, was advising the Indonesian government at the time covered by the newly released document.
A lawyer from the firm who was involved in the talks told the Times: "I always wonder if someone is listening, because you would have to be an idiot not to wonder in this day and age. But I've never really thought I was being spied on."
The lawyer added: "None of this stuff is very sexy. It's just run of the mill."
The NSA "declined to answer questions" about the reported surveillance.
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